Understanding these web software vulnerability terms can help developers and security professionals identify and address potential security risks in web applications.
| Buffer Overflow | A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer (temporary storage area) than it can hold, leading to the overflow of data into adjacent memory space. This can result in unintended behavior, including crashes or unauthorized code execution. |
| Command Injection | Command injection is a vulnerability where an attacker can execute arbitrary system commands on a server by manipulating input data. This often occurs when input is improperly validated or sanitized. |
| Security Misconfiguration | Security misconfiguration refers to the improper implementation or settings of security measures, leading to vulnerabilities. This can include default configurations, unnecessary services, or excessive permissions. |
| Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) | CSRF is an attack where an attacker tricks a user into making an unwanted request on a trusted site where the user is authenticated. This can lead to actions being performed on the user’s behalf without their consent. |
| Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) | XSS is a vulnerability where attackers inject malicious scripts into web pages that are viewed by other users. These scripts can be executed in the context of a user’s browser, allowing the attacker to steal information or perform actions on behalf of the user. |
| SQL Injection | SQL injection is a technique where attackers inject malicious SQL code into input fields of a web application. If the application does not properly validate or sanitize input, the attacker can manipulate the database queries, potentially gaining unauthorized access or altering data. |
| XML External Entity (XXE) | XXE is a vulnerability that allows attackers to exploit XML processors by injecting malicious external entities. This can lead to disclosure of internal files, denial of service, or remote code execution. |
| Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) | IDOR occurs when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input, allowing attackers to manipulate references to gain unauthorized access to data. |
| Security Bypass | Security bypass refers to vulnerabilities that allow attackers to circumvent security measures, gaining unauthorized access or performing actions without proper authentication or authorization. |
| File Inclusion Vulnerability | File inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application allows an attacker to include files from the server. This can lead to the execution of arbitrary code or unauthorized access to sensitive files. |
| LDAP Injection | LDAP injection is a type of attack where attackers manipulate input data to exploit vulnerabilities in LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) queries, potentially leading to unauthorized access or information disclosure. |
| Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards | Unvalidated redirects and forwards occur when an application allows users to navigate to other pages without proper validation. Attackers can exploit this to redirect users to malicious websites. |